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Public Release: 12-Mar-2007
Neurology
Obesity surgery can lead to memory loss, other problems
Weight loss surgery, such as gastric bypass surgery, can lead to a vitamin deficiency that can cause memory loss and confusion, inability to coordinate movement, and other problems, according to a study published in the March 13, 2007, issue of Neurology, the scientific journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
Contact: Angela Babb
ababb@aan.com
651-695-2789
American Academy of Neurology
Public Release: 12-Mar-2007
PLoS Medicine
Computer predicts wishes of incapacitated patients better than family or loved ones
When a person fails to complete an advance directive and becomes incapacitated by illness or injury, doctors typically ask the patient's loved one to predict what treatment the patient would have wanted. But a paper in PLoS Medicine reports that a computer-based decision tool can predict a patient's treatment wishes better than a loved one.
Contact: Andrew Hyde
press@plos.org
122-346-3330
Public Library of Science
Public Release: 12-Mar-2007
Canadian Medical Association Journal
Women and heart disease
In a supplement to the March 13 issue of CMAJ, Dr. Louise Pilote and co-authors from across Canada offer a comprehensive review of sex-specific issues related to cardiovascular disease.
Contact: Dr. Louise Pilote
514-934-1934 x44722
Canadian Medical Association Journal
Public Release: 12-Mar-2007
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Pig study forces rethink of Pacific colonisation
A survey of wild and domestic pigs, published in PNAS, has caused archaeologists to reconsider both the origins of the first Pacific colonists and the migration routes humans travelled to reach the remote Pacific.
Wellcome Trust, Leverhulme Trust, Smithsonian Institution, Fyssen Foundation
Contact: Durham University Media Relations
pr.office@durham.ac.uk
44-019-133-46075
Durham University
Public Release: 12-Mar-2007
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Antifungal drug kills TB bug
Scientists hoping to find new treatments for one of the world’s most deadly infectious diseases say drugs used to treat common fungal infections may provide the answer.
European Union
Contact: Aeron Haworth
aeron.haworth@manchester.ac.uk
44-161-275-8383
University of Manchester
Public Release: 12-Mar-2007
Pacifier use may lower risk of SIDS
The risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), the third leading cause of infant death, may be lowered through the use of a pacifier. According to an article in Nursing for Women’s Health, neonatal health care practitioners should counsel new parents on the potential benefits of using a pacifier.
Contact: Sean Wagner
swagner@bos.blackwellpublishing.com
781-388-8550
Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Public Release: 12-Mar-2007
Journal of Arachnology and Natural History
A rarity among arachnids, whip spiders have a sociable family life
Whip spiders, considered by many to be creepy-crawly, are giving new meaning to the term touchy-feely. In two species of whip spiders, or amblypygids, mothers caress their young with long feelers, siblings stick together until they reach sexual maturity, and all mix in social groups. This is surprising behavior for these arachnids long-thought to be purely aggressive and anti-social, according to a Cornell researcher.
Contact: Blaine Friedlander
bpf2@cornell.edu
607-254-8093
Cornell University News Servicetop
'Stealth' gonorrhoea on the rise
Strains of the disease that fail to show up in tests are flourishing - the tests used to detect the bacteria look for an enzyme no longer present
16:34 09 March 2007
Old vaccine hits TB like a blast from the past
A vintage BCG vaccine developed in the 1920s could make a comeback after it is found to offer stronger protection against modern tuberculosis strains
21:00 12 March 2007
Nanowires in the blood could feel the pressure
Implanting zinc oxide nanowires in a patient's arm could monitor blood pressure with awesome accuracy around the clock, researchers claim
13:15 13 March 2007
New 3D 'flyovers' let viewers swoop down on MarsMovie Camera
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter images have been woven into 3D animations that may help the Opportunity rover find a path into Victoria crater
14:50 13 March 2007
Sedative 'reactivates' damaged brains
There are signs that an insomnia drug may revolutionise the lives of brain damaged people, by bringing "silent" areas of the brain back to life
16:55 13 March 2007
Philistines, but Less and Less Philistine
By JOHN NOBLE WILFORD
Archaeologists have applied more polish to the long-tarnished reputation of the Philistines.
Personal Health
Growing Older, and Adjusting to the Dark
By JANE E. BRODY
How well do you see at night? If you're over 50, probably not as well as you think, no matter how many carrots you eat.
Essay
How Two Studies on Cancer Screening Led to Two Results
By H. GILBERT WELCH, STEVEN WOLOSHIN and LISA M. SCHWARTZ
Of all the forms of cancer, lung cancer is by far the deadliest. So doctors have long hoped to come up with a screening test that would find it early, before it can grow and become untreatable.

Public Release: 12-Mar-2007
Nucleic Acids Research
Chromium 6: A killer compound with an improbable trigger
Chromium 6, the cancer-causing compound that sparked the legal crusade by Erin Brockovich, can be toxic in tiny doses. Brown University scientists have uncovered the unlikely culprit: vitamin C. In new research, the Brown team shows that when vitamin C reacts with even low doses of chromium 6 inside human cells, it creates high levels of cancer-causing DNA damage and mutations.
National Institues of Health
Contact: Wendy Lawton
Wendy_Lawton@brown.edu
401-863-1862
Brown University
Public Release: 12-Mar-2007
Lifting Chinese tiger trade ban a death sentence for wild tigers say WWF and TRAFFIC
Any easing of the current Chinese ban on trading products made from tigers is likely a death sentence for the endangered cats, according to a new TRAFFIC report released today by World Wildlife Fund and TRAFFIC -- the wildlife trade monitoring program of WWF and IUCN.
Contact: Sarah Janicke
sarah.janicke@wwfus.org
202-778-9685
World Wildlife Fund
Morning Edition, March 16, 2007
Groopman: The Doctor's In, But Is He Listening?
Jerome Groopman is a doctor who discovered that he needed a doctor. When he developed pain and swelling in his right hand, he saw six prominent hand surgeons and got four different opinions. He was advised to have unnecessary surgery and got a seemingly made-up diagnosis for a nonexistent condition.  The correct diagnosis came when one of the doctors took the time to listen to Groopman describe his injury and examined the doctor-patient's left hand.
Public Release: 13-Mar-2007
Addiction
A short walk helps smokers quit
Smokers should do short bouts of exercise to help them resist the temptation to light up, say experts at the University of Exeter. A review, recently published in the international journal "Addiction," concludes that when smokers abstain from smoking, exercise can help them to manage withdrawal symptoms and resist the urge to smoke.
Contact: Sarah Hoyle
S.Hoyle@exeter.ac.uk
01-392-262-062
University of Exetertop
Public Release: 13-Mar-2007
Journal of Neuroscience
Making sense of the world through a cochlear implant
Scientists at University College London and Imperial College London have shown how the brain makes sense of speech in a noisy environment, such as a pub or in a crowd. The research suggests that various regions of the brain work together to make sense of what it hears, but that when the speech is completely incomprehensible, the brain appears to give up trying.
Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council
Contact: Craig Brierley
c.brierley@wellcome.ac.uk
44-207-611-7329
Wellcome Trust
Public Release: 13-Mar-2007
Nature Neuroscience

Penn study on olfactory nerve cells shows why we smell better when we sniff
Unlike most of our sensory systems that detect only one type of stimuli, our sense of smell works double duty, detecting both chemical and mechanical stimuli to improve how we smell. This finding, plus the fact that both types of stimuli produce reaction in olfactory nerve cells, which control how our brain perceives what we smell, explains why we sniff to smell something, and why our sense of smell is synchronized with inhaling.
NIH/National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Whitehall Foundation, University of Pennsylvania Institute on Aging
Contact: Karen Kreeger
karen.kreeger@uphs.upenn.edu
215-349-5658
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Public Release: 13-Mar-2007
Diabetes
Belly fat may drive inflammatory processes associated with disease
As scientists learn more about the key role of inflammation in diabetes and heart disease, new research from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis suggests that fat in the belly may be an important promoter of that inflammation. The researchers have confirmed that fat cells inside the abdomen secrete molecules that increase inflammation. This is the first evidence of a potential mechanistic link between abdominal fat and systemic inflammation.
National Institutes of Health
Contact: Jim Dryden
jdryden@wustl.edu
314-286-0110
Washington University School of Medicine
Public Release: 14-Mar-2007
Nature
Scientists explain source of mysterious tremors emanating from fault zones
Tiny tremors and temblors recently discovered in fault zones from California to Japan are generated by slow-moving earthquakes that may foreshadow catastrophic seismic events, according to scientists at Stanford University and the University of Tokyo.
National Science Foundation
Contact: Mark Shwartz
mshwartz@stanford.edu
650-723-9296
Stanford University
Public Release: 14-Mar-2007
Nature
Researchers identify molecular basis of inflammatory bowel disease
Researchers from the Universities of Cologne and Mainz in Germany, the Mouse Biology Unit of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Italy and their collaborators, have now deciphered a molecular signal that triggers chronic intestinal inflammation.
Contact: Anna-Lynn Wegener
wegener@embl.de
49-622-138-7452
European Molecular Biology Laboratory
Public Release: 14-Mar-2007
Environmental Health Perspectives
Phthalates now linked to fat, related health risks
Exposure to phthalates, a common chemical found in everything from plastics to soaps, already has been connected to reproductive problems and now, for the first time, is linked to abdominal obesity and insulin resistance in adult males, according to a study by the University of Rochester Medical Center.
Contact: Leslie Orr
Leslie_Orr@urmc.rochester.edu
585-275-5774
University of Rochester Medical Center
Public Release: 14-Mar-2007
Naturwissenschaften
Homing pigeons get their bearings from their beaks
It has long been recognized that birds possess the ability to use the Earth’s magnetic field for their navigation, although just how this is done has not yet been clarified. However, the discovery of iron-containing structures in the beaks of homing pigeons in a study (1) by Gerta Fleissner and her colleagues at the University of Frankfurt offers a promising insight into this complex topic. The article will be published online mid-March in Springer’s journal Naturwissenschaften.
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Contact: Joan Robinson
joan.robinson@springer.com
49-622-148-78130top
Springer
Ancient Mashed Grapes Found in Greece
Jennifer Viegas, Discovery News March 16, 2007
Either the ancient Greeks loved grape juice, or they were making wine nearly 6,500 years ago, according to a new study that describes what could be the world’s earliest evidence of crushed grapes.
Public Release: 14-Mar-2007
Research on Social Work Practice
Does God answer prayer? ASU research says 'yes'
Does God or some other type of transcendent entity answer prayer? The answer, according to a new Arizona State University study published in the March journal Research on Social Work Practice, is 'yes.'
Contact: Stephen Des Georges
stephen.desgeorges@asu.edu
602-543-5220
Arizona State University
Public Release: 15-Mar-2007
Cancer Research
Blood pressure drug shows potential as lung cancer treatment
A hormone that is important in the control of blood pressure also shrinks lung cancer tumors in mice, suggesting a new way to prevent or treat the deadly cancer, according to scientists at Wake Forest University School of Medicine.
National Institutes of Health, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center
Contact: Karen Richardson
krchrdsn@wfubmc.edu
336-716-4453
Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center
Public Release: 15-Mar-2007
Science
Cold is hot in evolution -- UBC researchers debunk belief species evolve faster in tropics
University of British Columbia researchers have discovered that contrary to common belief, species do not evolve faster in warmer climates.
Contact: Brian Lin
brian.lin@ubc.ca
604-822-2234
University of British Columbia
Public Release: 15-Mar-2007
Lancet
Study: Chest compressions without mouth-to-mouth better for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
A study published March 17, 2007, in The Lancet, one of the world's foremost medical journals, finds that the chances of surviving a cardiac arrest outside a hospital setting are almost twice as high if bystanders perform chest-compression-only resuscitation instead of traditional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with mouth-to-mouth breathing. The report confirms experimental findings obtained at the Sarver Heart Center at The University of Arizona in Tucson where chest-compression-only resuscitation was developed.
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Laerdal Foundation of Acute Medicine
Contact: Daniel Stolte
stolte@email.arizona.edu
520-626-4083
University of Arizona Health Sciences Center
Public Release: 15-Mar-2007
Psychology of Men & Masculinity
'Manly men' bounce back better from injury
For years, experts have said that the strong, silent male is not one to ask for help when he's hurt, and therefore at a disadvantage when it comes to getting better. But new research says this might not be completely accurate. This masculine identity often associated with men in the armed forces and other high-risk occupations may actually encourage and quicken a man's recovery from serious injuries, says a new exploratory study from the University of Missouri-Columbia.
Contact: Jennifer Faddis
faddisj@missouri.edu
573-882-6217
University of Missouri-Columbia
Public Release: 15-Mar-2007
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Apple consumers reap heart-health benefits thanks to flavonoid content, says new research
A new study of more than 34,000 women, published in the March 2007 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, found flavonoid-rich apples were found to be one of three foods that decrease the risk of mortality for both coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among post-menopausal women.
Contact: Susan Taylor
staylor@kellencompany.com
740-549-6538
U.S. Apple Association
Public Release: 16-Mar-2007
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Trojan horse strategy defeats drug-resistant bacteria
A new antimicrobial approach can kill bacteria in laboratory experiments and eliminate life-threatening infections in mice by interfering with a key bacterial nutrient, according to research led by a University of Washington scientist. The "Trojan horse" method tricks the bacteria into taking up the metal gallium instead of iron, which is essential for bacteria to grow and thrive.

National Institutes of Health, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation
Contact: Justin Reedy
jreedy@u.washington.edu
206-685-0382
University of Washington

Tiny organisms remember the way to food
Some of the most basic organisms are smarter than we thought, and use surprisingly sophisticated foraging strategies
10:05 17 March 2007
Polar water 'would blanket Mars'
By Paul Rincon
Science reporter, BBC News, Houston
Enough water is locked up at Mars' south pole to cover the planet in a liquid layer 11m (36ft) deep.
'Cave entrances' spotted on Mars
By Paul Rincon
Science reporter, BBC News, Houston
Scientists studying pictures from Nasa's Odyssey spacecraft have spotted what they think may be seven caves on the surface of Mars.
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